What is the first level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

• A. Safety needs
• B. Esteem needs
• C. Physiologic (basic survival) needs
• D. Self-actualization

Answer: (C)

The foundation of Maslow’s hierarchy is physiological needs—the body’s most basic requirements for survival such as air, water, food, shelter, sleep, and temperature regulation. These needs drive behavior first because without meeting them, the body's functions are compromised, so higher-level concerns don’t come into play. Once these basic needs are reasonably satisfied, a person moves on to safety needs, which cover security and protection from harm, followed by love and belonging, esteem, and finally self-actualization at the top. In nursing, this means ensuring things like adequate oxygen, hydration, nutrition, warmth, and rest before addressing other goals or psychosocial concerns.